In a previous post I showed you how there are only 36 out of the 100 math facts that have to be memorized for multiplication, the rest are either easy (1 • n = n) or commutative (a • b = b • a). The same rules apply to the addition math facts as well.
Subtraction facts are a little trickier because the minuend (top number) goes from 0 to 19. This is because students often have to deal with problems that involve regrouping (borrowing) such as:
34
-15
Obviously, the 4 must become a 14 through regrouping. When taking this into account we end up with a table that looks like this:

At first glance 155, but it turns out that memorizing 72 of them is enough to get them all.
Notes:
n – 0 is easy (yellowish color).
n – 1 is easy, just count down 1 (blue-green color).
Pink numbers represent double digit numbers that don’t need regrouping (i.e. if you know 6 – 3 then 16 – 3 is a snap; but 16 – 7 requires dealing with both digits in the minuend).
The uncolored numbers total 72. A lot, but better than 155. I have designed three subtraction practice test you can download on the Math Facts page. Two of them are 40 problem tests: one deals with the minuends 3 through 10; the next 11 through 19. The other test has all the facts in white boxes shown in the table, plus 8 others, for a total of 80 problems. This way students can build up to the 80 problem quiz.